First Very Long Baseline Interferometry Detections at 870 μm (2024)

Author affiliations

1 Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; sdoeleman@cfa.harvard.edu

2 Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

3 Current address is Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

4 Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106216, Taiwan, R.O.C.

5 Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, 645 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA

6 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2505 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

7 Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406 Saint Martin d'Hères, France

8 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory, 99 Millstone Road, Westford, MA 01886, USA

9 Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

10 Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Cagliari, SP Monserrato-Sestu km 0.7, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy

11 INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Via della Scienza 5, 09047, Selargius, CA, Italy

12 Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106216, Taiwan, R.O.C.

13 Astronomy Department, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile

14 Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland

15 Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Metsähovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland

16 Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Avenida Divina Pastora 7, Local 20, E-18012, Granada, Spain

17 Steward Observatory and Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

18 Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands

19 National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

20 Departament d'Astronomia i Astrofísica, Universitat de València, C. Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain

21 Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain

22 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

23 Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA

24 Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain

25 Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden

26 Yale Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics, Yale University, 52 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA

27 Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

28 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, MS209, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA

29 Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

30 East Asian Observatory, 660 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA

31 James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), 660 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA

32 California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

33 Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada

34 Trottier Space Institute at McGill, 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada

35 Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada

36 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada

37 Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada

38 Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA

39 Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

40 Department of Physics, University of Chicago, 5720 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

41 Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

42 Princeton Gravity Initiative, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

43 Data Science Institute, University of Arizona, 1230 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

44 Program in Applied Mathematics, University of Arizona, 617 North Santa Rita, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

45 Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA

46 Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China

47 Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China

48 Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daedeok-daero 776, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea

49 Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea

50 Physics Department, Fairfield University, 1073 North Benson Road, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA

51 Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

52 Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo Postal 70-264, Ciudad de México, Mexico

53 Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

54 Research Center for Astronomical Computing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, People's Republic of China

55 Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shengrong Road 520, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China

56 Department of Astronomy and Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA

57 Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA

58 Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Pancini", Università di Napoli "Federico II", Compl. Univ. di Monte S. Angelo, Edificio G, Via Cinthia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy

59 INFN Sez. di Napoli, Compl. Univ. di Monte S. Angelo, Edificio G, Via Cinthia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy

60 Wits Centre for Astrophysics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa

61 Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa

62 Centre for Radio Astronomy Techniques and Technologies, Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa

63 ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands

64 LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France

65 JILA and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA

66 National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China

67 Las Cumbres Observatory, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA

68 Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA

69 National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA

70 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32-D476, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA

71 Google Research, 355 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA

72 Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany

73 Department of History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

74 Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

75 NCSA, University of Illinois, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

76 CP3-Origins, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark

77 Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica. Apartado Postal 51 y 216, 72000. Puebla Pue., Mexico

78 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, 03940, Ciudad de México, Mexico

79 Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China

80 Mizusawa VLBI Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-12 Hoshigaoka, Mizusawa, Oshu, Iwate 023-0861, Japan

81 Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

82 NOVA Sub-mm Instrumentation Group, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Landleven 12, 9747 AD Groningen, The Netherlands

83 Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China

84 Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China

85 Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

86 The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8562, Japan

87 Department of Statistical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8562, Japan

88 Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8583, Japan

89 Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Postbus 2300, 9513 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

90 ASTRAVEO LLC, PO Box 1668, Gloucester, MA 01931, USA

91 Applied Materials Inc., 35 Dory Road, Gloucester, MA 01930, USA

92 Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA

93 University of Science and Technology, Gajeong-ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea

94 Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan

95 Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE), Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands

96 Department of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea

97 Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea

98 Kogakuin University of Technology & Engineering, Academic Support Center, 2665-1 Nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan

99 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan

100 Physics Department, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaosiung City 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C.

101 School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China

102 Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China

103 INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

104 INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia & Italian ALMA Regional Centre, Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

105 Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58089, Mexico

106 Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650011 Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China

107 Center for Astronomical Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China

108 Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650011 Kunming, People's Republic of China

109 Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

110 Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam (GRAPPA) Institute, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands

111 Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

112 School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China

113 National Institute of Technology, Hachinohe College, 16-1 Uwanotai, Tamonoki, Hachinohe City, Aomori 039-1192, Japan

114 Research Center for Astronomy, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece

115 Department of Physics, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA

116 Physics Department, Washington University, CB 1105, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA

117 Departamento de Matemática da Universidade de Aveiro and Centre for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA), Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

118 School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA

119 School of Space Research, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea

120 Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada

121 Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada

122 Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 180 Dundas Street West, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada

123 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

124 INFN Sez. di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

125 Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C.

126 Center of Astronomy and Gravitation, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C.

127 Gemini Observatory/NSF's NOIRLab, 670 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA

128 Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada

129 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan

130 Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan

131 Aalto University Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, PL 15500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland

132 Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK

133 National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China

134 College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China

135 Tokyo Electron Technology Solutions Limited, 52 Matsunagane, Iwayado, Esashi, Oshu, Iwate 023-1101, Japan

136 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada

137 Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan

138 Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan

139 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea

140 University of New Mexico, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA

141 Physics Department, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA

142 Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Finland

143 Radboud Excellence Fellow of Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

144 School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA

145 School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China

146 Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK

147 Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China

148 Astronomy Department, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China

149 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

First Very Long Baseline Interferometry Detections at 870 μm (2024)
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